Ethylene oxide is produced by the catalytic oxidation of ethylene over a silvercontaining catalyst. Process design for the production of ethylene from ethanol abstract this project considers using ethanol dehydration as a means to massproduce ethylene. The average selectivity ranges from 6575% compared to 7080% for the oxygenbased process. Box 42503, riyadh, saoudi arabia abstract the influence of niobium on the physicochemical properties of the movo system and on its.
July 1, 2014 product uses1,4 ethylene is primarily used as a reactive monomer chemical building block make polyethylene and as an intermediate in the production of other organic compounds, such as ethylene dichloride and ethylene oxide. Ethylene oxide eo is used primarily as a chemical intermediate in making ethylene glycol and certain plastics. Calculation of mass balance in styrene production posted in student. The mass and energy balance equations for the gas phase. The catalyst is a palladium oxide pdo surface on a polycrystalline palladium wire. Heat and mass transfer correlations for steam methane reforming in nonadiabatic, processintensified catalytic reactors adam s. Heat and mass transfer correlations for steam methane. A mechanism for the production of ethylene from methional. Overview of an ethylene oxide validation massdevice. Structural and molecular formulae and relative molecular mass. Us8043575b2 reactor system and process for the manufacture of. The production process begins with the stepwise catalytic oxidation of ammonia nh. H 2 o and selectivity of different products is as under.
Ethylene oxide is an important ethylene based intermediary compound. Production process overview ethylene oxide monoethylene glycol biomass to eo andor eg glycerincorn starch to meg coal to meg production economics introduction united states production economics europe production economics middle east production economics northeast asia production economics. Ethylene oxide eo is one of the most important chemical raw materials because it is. In the early 1960th the production of ethylene oxide based from ethanol and chlorohydrin was not considered cost effective. Mass balance to meet the product speci cation of 700 metric tons of ethylene per day with 100% ethane recycle, a mass balance was performed on the ethylene plant. The project is to design, and optimize ethylene oxide production plant with partial oxidization of oxygen using silver based catalyst. The species mass balance for the gas phase is given by. Production of ethylene oxide ethylene oxide is produced by the reaction of ethylene with oxygen as per the following reaction. Modelling an industrial ethylene oxide reactor sciencedirect. Since ethylene oxide eo is a bulk scale product with an annual production of about 19 million tons in 2010, cost efficiency in the production is very important. E ratio is adjusted to control reaction selectivity, 8. The mono ethylene glycol is use in the cooling project involves the designing of the reactor, agent, lubricant and as a raw material for the evaporator and distillation column. Basis for listing ethylene oxide as known to the state to cause developmental toxicity, male reproductive toxicity, and female reproductive toxicity changed from labor code to formally required to be labeled or identified effective november 22, 20. A simulation model of a reactor for ethylene oxide production.
Furthermore, the oxygenbased plants can have a yield of up to 0. The secondlargest outlet for ethylene oxide, at 9% of total consumption, is in surfaceactive agents, including primarily nonionic alkylphenol ethoxylates apes and detergent alcohol ethoxylates aes. It is intended to provide general information to persons who may handle or store ethylene oxide. Applied catalysis, 5 1983 359369 359 elsevier scientific publishing company, amsterdam printed in the netherlands oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide. Material balances ethylene oxide production ethylene oxide eo is used primarily as a chemical intermediate in making ethylene glycol and certain plastics. Process flow diagram for ethylene oxide production. In imperial or us customary measurement system, the density is equal to 0. Detailed material balance and ethanol yield calculations for the biomasstoethanol conversion process article pdf available in applied biochemistry and biotechnology 57581. Ethylene oxide calibration gas, ethylene oxide balance. Ethylene carbonate ec, containing slight amounts of. Gasco calibration gas is iso 9001 certified, made in the usa. The mutual solubility of ethylene oxide and supercritical carbon dioxide was studied at t 308 k in the pressure range p 4.
The state of california requires a reduction of ethylene oxide emissions of 99. Marquette university, 2011 because of its high energy density, hydrogen is a desirable energy source for the achievement of a renewable energy landscape. Catalytic oxidation of ethylene was experimentally studied by wire microcalorimetry and mass spectrometry over the temperature range of 400800 k at atmospheric pressure. Chamber evacuation emissions tend to be a lowvolume gas stream with a high concentration of ethylene oxide, whereas the other sources tend to be highervolume air streams with very low ethylene oxide concentrations. In 1941 modo started to produce ethylene oxide for further production of ethylene glycol. Design and optimize ethylene oxide production plant. Production of ethylene oxide ethylene oxide, c2h4o, is a colorless, flammable gas or liquid. Stream 2 ethylene contains 7 mole % ethane as impurity. Process design for the production of ethylene from ethanol. Industrial ethylene oxide plants produce revenues totaling several billion dollars each year stegelmann et al.
The mixed feed is heated, vaporized, and superheated in a heat. Technical support document for the nitric acid production. Gasco ethylene oxide eto calibration gas for calibration and maintenance of gas detectors, nist calibration certificate included. Catalytic oxygen transfer between ethylene and ethylene oxide. Detailed material balance and ethanol yield calculations. In 1963 modo started a production of ethylene oxide based on direct oxidation from ethylene in stenungsund, sweden. The annual capacity for the plant is 611millions lbyr, while the designed hourly production rate is 73k lbhry. The developed eo system could produce 200,000 tons of ethylene oxide per year at a purity of. Energy balances and numerical methods spring 2002 design. First, the rate of ethylene production was calculated, assuming 99. Component balance mass or volume balance that includes individual components making up a flow i. Ethylene oxide production, technology, applications.
Ethylene margin naphtha feed calculation tonne averaged for 2011 ethylene contract price 1,8 logistics costsnetbacks 106 net ethylene selling price 1,032 purchase feedstock naphtha1 2,203 coproduct sales2 1,617 586 ethylene margin naphtha feed 446 1the model assumes 3. An improved balance of the tube packing density tpd relative to the pressure. It is usual to express this with the help of two competing reactions borman and westerterp, 1992. Chlorohydrin process co2 removal reactor products are sprayed with water in the eo absorber 60c gases passes out the top of the eo absorber to co2 absorber aqueous potassium carbonate reacts with co2 in the co2 absorber co2 stripper is heated to 120c, potassium bicarbonate. Oxidation of ethane to ethylene and acetic acid by movnbo. Energy balance mass and energy balance of many sources of. Ethane dose not react but moves in the process as inerts and vent in the light column. Pdf modelling and optimisation of an industrial ethylene oxide. It is a major commodity chemical that is manufactured throughout the world.
Only basic material and energy balances are performed. Analysis and optimal design of an ethylene oxide reactor. As a result, the rate of ethylene production, feed requirements, and ethane recycle were found, as shown below. Ethylene oxide is important or critical to the production of detergents, thickeners, solvents, plastics, and various organic chemicals such as ethylene glycol, ethanol amines.
Ethylene oxide is an important chemical, used industrially as an intermediate in the synthesis of glycol lahiri et al. Silver was supported on high and lowarea alo zeolite and complexed with poly4vinyl pyridine. Over 99% of the ethylene oxide produced in the united states is used as a chemical intermediate for the production of various chemicals, while less than 1% is used as a sterilant or fumigant. Thermo scientific prima pro process mass spectrometer. In this paper, an optimized design and operation for mto based ethylene oxide eo production processes has been developed, which has less manufacturing costs compared with the one from the current literature ind. When ethylene and oxygen are passed over aalumina catalyst, eo and co2 are produced. Production levels for 2006 have been estimated at 6. In the production of ethylene oxide, ethylene and oxygen reacts over a silver catalyst surface. Cziner method is used to determine which patented process will be chosen raw materials.
The largest outlet for ethylene oxide was ethylene glycols, which represented 77% of total ethylene oxide consumption. Material and energy balances for memnol froh biomass using biomass 6asifjers the objective of the biomass to methanol systems analysis project bf15. The raw material is ethylene, which may be assumed to be pure. Material and energy balances for methanol from biomass. According to another aspect of the invention, a process for manufacturing ethylene oxide includes. Mass balance on oxidation of ammonia for production of. The ethylene oxide product stewardship guidance manual was prepared by the american chemistry councils ethylene oxideethylene glycols panel panel. Our precision eto calibration gas also known as cal gas, is used for the calibration and maintenance of gas detectors and sensors. Production of ethylene oxide by suraj kansara on prezi.
An industrial catalytic tubular reactor used to make ethylene oxide is described by a. Production of ethylene oxide process description figure 1 is a preliminary process flow diagram pfd for the ethylene oxide production process. The shaped support material has a hollow cylinder geometric configuration. Optimal design of gasexpanded liquid ethylene oxide. Ethylene oxide 1 ppm calibration gas balance nitrogen in a 116 liter disposable cylinder. Because of its molecular structure ethylene oxide is one of the most versatile chemical intermediates. Homework statement the following chemical reaction takes place inside a reactor where 80% conversion is obtained with an equimolar mixture of nh3 and o2 fed at the flow rate of 100 molh. Industrial production started in 1925 using the chlorohydrin process. Kinetics of catalytic oxidation of ethylene over palladium. The primary use for ethylene oxide is in the manufacture of derivatives such as ethylene glycol, surfactants and ethanolamines. It is used in the production of ethylene glycol and other oxide derivatives such as glycol ethers.
And a co2 recovery unit utilizing potassium carbonate. Ethylene oxide production ethylene oxide is a raw material that is used industrially for making many consumer products as well as nonconsumer chemicals and intermediates. A reactor system for the oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide. In 2002, ethylene oxide was produced in more than 30 countries in asia, australia. Even a selectivity increase in the range of 1% has a large effect on the economy of the process since ethylene makes up for approximately 68% of the total cost of the eo process. Reconciling mass and energy balances in an ethylene complex. Ethylene oxide 1 ppm calibration gas balance nitrogen in a.
Due to this reason, the oxygenbased process is a more attractive choice. This thesis has been performed in the ethylene oxide plant at akzo nobel in stenungsund. Modelling and optimisation of an industrial ethylene oxide. Calculate a the % conversion of ethylene and b the percent yield to ethylene oxide of the ethylene fed, what percentage goes to ethylene oxide c the composition of the product stream, 2.
81 425 1487 1582 729 1493 1091 1673 859 406 1446 515 415 726 92 1265 740 1531 746 771 1217 590 64 1504 589 271 506 1533 915 802 42 172 1602 520 222 1020 145 205 460 481 633 177 1299 1410 72 695 249 67 733 1112 1037